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Chae, H.*; Huang, E.-W.*; Jain, J.*; Lee, D.-H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lee, S. Y.*
Metals and Materials International, 30(5), p.1321 - 1330, 2024/05
In situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation was performed for the stainless steels prepared by the additive manufacturing (AM) processes with two strategies: vertically built and horizontally built. The AM steels were further aged without solid solution treatment. As the results, the retained austenite was found to be more stable because the chemical composition became homogeneous by aging, and the onset of deformation induced martensitic transformation was delayed.
入澤 恵理子; 加藤 千明
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 591, p.154914_1 - 154914_10, 2024/04
被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.08(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)核燃料再処理施設における濃縮運転時の溶液組成及び沸騰の変化を考慮して、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼R-SUS304ULCの腐食量を評価した。オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼R-SUS304ULCは、日本の使用済燃料再処理施設の高放射性廃液濃縮装置の構造材料であり、濃縮運転時に腐食性の高い硝酸溶液を処理する。本研究の結果、カソード反応活性化によるステンレス鋼の腐食速度を加速する要因として、硝酸濃度、酸化性金属イオン濃度、減圧沸騰に着目する必要があることがわかった。
小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; 澤口 孝宏*; Yang, Z.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.
鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.197 - 204, 2024/02
被引用回数:0The local plasticity and associated microstructure evolution in Fe-5Mn-0.1C medium-Mn steel (wt.%) were investigated in this study. Specifically, the micro-deformation mechanism during Lders banding was characterized based on multi-scale electron backscatter diffraction measurements and electron channeling contrast imaging. Similar to other medium-Mn steels, the Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel showed discontinuous macroscopic deformation, preferential plastic deformation in austenite, and deformation-induced martensitic transformation during Lders deformation. Hexagonal close-packed martensite was also observed as an intermediate phase. Furthermore, an in-situ neutron diffraction experiment revealed that the pre-existing body- centered cubic phase, which was mainly ferrite, was a minor deformation path, although ferrite was the major constituent phase.
小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Yang, Z.*; Varanasi, R. S.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.
鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.205 - 216, 2024/02
被引用回数:0deformation experiments with cold-rolled and intercritically annealed Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel were carried out at ambient temperature to characterize the deformation heterogeneity during Lders band propagation. Deformation band formation, which is a precursor phenomenon of Lders band propagation, occurred even in the macroscopically elastic deformation stage. The deformation bands in the Lders front grew from both the side edges to the center of the specimen. After macroscopic yielding, the thin deformation bands grew via band branching, thickening, multiple band initiation, and their coalescence, the behavior of which was heterogeneous. Thick deformation bands formed irregularly in front of the region where the thin deformation bands were densified. The thin deformation bands were not further densified when the spacing of the bands was below 10 m. Instead, the regions between the deformation bands showed a homogeneous plasticity evolution. The growth of the thin deformation bands was discontinuous, which may be due to the presence of ferrite groups in the propagation path of the deformation bands. Based on these observations, a model for discontinuous Lders band propagation has been proposed.
興津 貴隆*; 北條 智彦*; 諸岡 聡; 宮本 吾郎*
鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.260 - 267, 2024/02
被引用回数:0We have investigated the dynamic tensile properties of 4, 5, 6-mass%-Mn-containing low carbon steels with multi-phase microstructures containing retained austenite. The five materials used were classified into two groups. The first group of materials, with around 10% of retained austenite, showed normal strain rete dependence of yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (TS) as in conventional high strength steels. The second group of materials, containing 25-36% of retained austenite, exhibited Lders elongation showed also normal strain rate dependence in YS and flow stress at Lders deformation, but TS varied in a complex manner. Among the second group, in the 4 Mn steel, TS was nearly constant at strain rates below 1 s but increased slightly at higher strain rates. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, TS once decreased up to the strain rate of 1 or 10 s, and then began to increase at higher strain rates. These behaviors were discussed in terms of temperature rise during plastic deformation causing suppression of martensitic transformation, and thermal stability of retained austenite. In the 4 Mn steel with relatively unstable retained austenite, almost all the austenite transforms regardless of strain rate. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, where the retained austenite is moderately stable, strain induced transformation of austenite continues up to high plastic strain, providing a good balance of strength and ductility. At high strain rate, TS decreases slightly due to temperature rise, but at higher strain rates than 1 s, the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress in ferrite become prominent and the flow stress increases.
大谷 恭平; 加藤 千明; 五十嵐 誉廣
Corrosion, 79(11), p.1277 - 1286, 2023/11
A novel corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in fresh water using Al lactate was proposed and its corrosion-inhibition mechanism was investigated. 0.75 mM Al lactate and 0.25 mM sodium molybdate were the most inhibitive to the corrosion of carbon steel in 3 mM NaCl. Al and MoO in solution formed the metal cation layer on carbon steel with few defects, and the layer did not contain Fe. The metal cation layer on carbon steel inhibited both the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and anodic iron dissolving reaction and thus enhances the corrosion protection of carbon steel in fresh water.
鈴木 誠矢; 荒井 陽一; 岡村 信生; 渡部 雅之
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(7), p.839 - 848, 2023/07
被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)福島第一原子力発電所の事故で発生した燃料デブリは、溶融した核燃料物質と原子炉の構造材等で構成された酸化物が多くを占めているため、環境温度の変化により岩石のように劣化する可能性が高い。燃料デブリは10年以上水冷されているが、季節や昼夜の温度変化の影響を少なからず受けていることから、燃料デブリの経年変化挙動を評価するためには環境温度の変化を考慮することが不可欠である。仮に燃料デブリの劣化が進んでいる場合、微粉化した放射性物質が冷却水中に溶出して取出し作業に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。本研究では、環境温度の繰り返し変化がクラックの発生に与える影響に着目して、燃料デブリの模擬体を用いた加速試験を実施した。その結果、クラックは温度変化を重ねることで増加することを確認し、燃料デブリの簿擬態は熱膨張と収縮による応力により脆化することが判明した。燃料デブリの物理学的な劣化挙動は岩石や鉱物に類似していることが確認され、模擬燃料デブリと環境のモデルでクラックの増加挙動を予測することが可能となった。
Li, S.; 山口 義仁; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; Deng, D.*
Proceedings of ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2023) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2023/07
In this work, a framework was proposed on the comprehensive assessment of hardness and welding residual stress in Type 316 austenitic stainless steel welded joints. Firstly, an 8-pass butt-welded joint made of Type 316 stainless steel was fabricated. Finite element analysis of the welded joint was performed to investigate hardness and welding residual stress distributions. The grain growth model was developed for the hardness prediction. The Chaboche combined isotropic-kinematic strain hardening model and time-temperature dependent annealing model were adopted. The relationships between the Vickers hardness and the uniaxial plastic strain as well as grain size were collected from published literatures. The simulation results of the grain size and accumulated equivalent plastic strain were used for the hardness prediction of the welded joint. The predicted hardness was compared with the experimental data of hardness mapping. The distribution of welding residual stress on the outer surface of the welded pipe was measured by using the X-ray diffraction method and strain gauge method, respectively. The predicted welding residual stresses were compared with the measurements. The results obtained showed that the developed numerical approach can predict the hardness and welding residual stress of Type 316 stainless steel welded joints with satisfactory accuracy. The effects of structural constraint and heat input on the hardness and welding residual stress will be investigated as further works, as described in the proposed framework.
松下 慧*; 土田 紀之*; 石丸 詠一郎*; 平川 直樹*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 10 Pages, 2023/06
This study investigated the anisotropy of the tensile properties in a duplex stainless steel of 24Cr-5Ni-0.18N based on in situ neutron diffraction experiments. The 24Cr-5Ni-0.18N steel showed a better balance of tensile strength (TS) and uniform elongation (U.El) compared with 329J4L and 329J1 steels. The Lankford value (-value) of the 24Cr-5Ni-0.18N steel was comparable to other duplex stainless steels while showing a larger TS. Regarding the anisotropy of the mechanical properties, the results for a test specimen oriented at 45 showed a low yield strength (YS) and TS, but a better U.El and -value. The neutron diffraction results are discussed to explain the mechanical properties.
鈴木 賢治*; 三浦 靖史*; 城 鮎美*; 豊川 秀訓*; 佐治 超爾*; 菖蒲 敬久; 諸岡 聡
材料, 72(4), p.316 - 323, 2023/04
Residual stresses in small-bore butt-welded pipe of austenitic stainless steel have never been measured. It is difficult to obtain a detailed residual stress map of the root welded part, because the gauge volume in neutron diffraction is large. The stress evaluation of the welded part by synchrotron X-rays was also difficult due to the dendritic structure. In this study, a double exposure method (DEM) with high-energy synchrotron X-rays was applied to measuring the details of the residual stress of the welded part, and we succeeded in obtaining the detailed axial and radius stress maps of the root welded part of the plate cut from the welded pipe, though the stress map was under the plane stress condition. The hoop stress map of the butt-welded pipe was obtained using the strain scanning method with neutrons under the triaxial stress state. The axial and radius stress maps under triaxial stress state were made up using the complementary use of the synchrotron X-ray and neutron. As a result, the detailed stress maps of the root welded part of the butt-welded pipe were obtained. The obtained map sufficiently explained the initiation and propagation of SCC.
廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 東北大学*
JAEA-Review 2022-069, 114 Pages, 2023/03
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和3年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所(1F)の廃炉等を始めとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、令和2年度に採択された「//線ラジオリシス影響下における格納容器系統内広域防食の実現:ナノバブルを用いた新規防食技術の開発」の令和3年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本研究は、デブリ取り出し工程において、既設のPCVならびに新設の負圧維持系設備・配管など重要な閉じ込め機能を担保する鋼構造物の長期信頼性を確保するため、線放出核種/線放出核種と鋼材が接触共存する濡れ環境における腐食現象を初めて明らかにして腐食速度を予測する技術を構築するとともに、PCV等への基本的な適用性に優れ、かつ、副次影響の無い新規防食技術を開発する。具体的には、(1)線/線/線の影響を網羅したラジオリシス解析モデルの構築、(2)線放出核種/線放出核種を用いた電気化学試験(ホット試験)と系統的な腐食予測・検証試験(コールド模擬試験)によるデータベースの構築、(3)それらに基づいてPCVに附設/挿入する新設設備の材料選定指針の提示、(4)不活性ガスナノバブルを用いた系統内広域防食技術の開発を目的とするものである。3カ年計画の2年目にあたる令和3年度の事業実績は、1.線、線照射による腐食影響および気相ラジオリシスの腐食環境への影響、2.PCV・負圧維持系設備等の腐食モード・腐食速度の評価、3.1F複合環境における腐食抑制技術の開発である。
Mohamad, A. B.; 中島 邦久; 三輪 周平; 逢坂 正彦
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(3), p.215 - 222, 2023/03
被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)The distribution of Sr in the reactor would be influenced by a chemical reaction of Sr vapor species with a structural material of internal reactor and fuel cladding materials; stainless steel (SS) or Zircaloy (Zry) cladding during 1F-NPS accident. The chemical interaction between Sr-Zry and Sr-SS has been described. The reaction tests have been performed to investigate the chemical interaction behavior under possible severe accident conditions. The tests have been conducted up to 1523 K under steam atmosphere. It was confirmed that Sr-Zr-O and Sr-Si-O compounds were formed through 2 kinds chemical interactions; gas-solid reaction and liquid-solid reaction. The gas and liquid species of Sr in a good contact with the solid Zry and SS to form Sr-Zr-O and Sr-Si-O compounds, respectively. Sr was deposited onto the Zry and SS surfaces and lead to the formation of reaction product. Thus, this study highlights the possibility that Sr was deposited and retained in the core structure where the temperature was elevated during the accident in the 1F-NPS.
Wang, Y.*; 友田 陽*; 大村 孝仁*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.
Materialia, 27, p.101685_1 - 101685_9, 2023/03
The evolution of internal stress during displacive transformation is a topic of continuous debate. Neutron diffraction was used to study the isothermal bainite transformation in a 0.4 C low alloyed steel from 773 to 623 K to provide a clearer basis for discussion regarding the change in the austenite lattice parameter. According to diffraction profile analysis, fresh bainite possesses a body-centered tetragonal structure, and its c/a ratio decreases rapidly over time. The austenite lattice parameter increases or decreases depending on whether the transformation temperature is above or below the nose of the Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) curve. This isothermal transformation behavior can be divided into two categories: above and below the nose of TTT curve, which correspond to the upper and lower bainites, respectively. The internal stresses caused by the transformation strains are relaxed by dislocation motion and vacancy formation. The yielded dislocations and vacancies not only affect the broadening of both austenite and bainitic ferrite diffraction peaks but also the lattice parameter.
青山 高士; 加藤 千明
Corrosion Science, 210(2), p.110850_1 - 110850_10, 2023/01
被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:15.81(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Cuのキレート錯体: [Cu(EDTA)]を用いて、Cuを隙間の外側から内側へ導入した。導入されたCuは、ステンレス鋼の隙間腐食の抑制剤として作用することが期待される。隙間腐食試験により、[Cu(EDTA)]のエレクトロマイグレーションによりCuが隙間内部へ導入されることが確認された。移行した[Cu(EDTA)]はHと反応して隙間内部のpH低下を抑制し、Cuと[Cu(EDTA)]は分離してステンレス鋼の活性溶解が抑制されることが確認された。
江村 優軌; 高井 俊秀; 菊地 晋; 神山 健司; 山野 秀将; 横山 博紀*; 坂本 寛*
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 10 Pages, 2023/00
被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)Boron carbide (BC)- stainless steel (SS) eutectic reaction behavior is one of the most important issues in the core disruptive accidents (CDAs) of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). In this study, the immersion experiments using BC pellets with molten SS were conducted to evaluate the CDA sequences such as contact event of solid BC with degraded core materials including SS at very high temperature. The immersion experiment aims at understanding the kinetic behavior of solid BC-liquid SS reaction based on the reduced thickness of BC pellet after the experiment in the temperature ranges from 1763 to 1943 K, which is higher than the temperature of solid BC-solid SS reaction. Based on the kinetic consideration of the reaction rate constants for solid BC-liquid SS reaction, it was found that similar temperature dependency was identified between solid BC-liquid SS and solid BC-solid SS. Besides, the reaction rate constants of solid BC-liquid SS were smaller than those of solid BC-solid SS extrapolated in higher temperature region by two or more orders of magnitude due to two different evaluation method for BC side/SS side. It was confirmed that this difference was reasonable through the consideration of previous reaction tests in solid-solid contact for BC side/SS side.
小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; 澤口 孝宏*; Yang, Z.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.
ISIJ International, 62(10), p.2036 - 2042, 2022/10
被引用回数:11 パーセンタイル:61.61(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)The local plasticity and associated microstructure evolution in Fe-5Mn-0.1C medium-Mn steel (wt.%) were investigated in this study. Specifically, the micro-deformation mechanism during Lders banding was characterized based on multi-scale electron backscatter diffraction measurements and electron channeling contrast imaging. Similar to other medium-Mn steels, the Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel showed discontinuous macroscopic deformation, preferential plastic deformation in austenite, and deformation-induced martensitic transformation during Lders deformation. Hexagonal close-packed martensite was also observed as an intermediate phase. Furthermore, an in-situ neutron diffraction experiment revealed that the pre-existing body-centered cubic phase, which was mainly ferrite, was a minor deformation path, although ferrite was the major constituent phase.
小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Yang, Z.*; Varanasi, R. S.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.
ISIJ International, 62(10), p.2043 - 2053, 2022/10
被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:30.25(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)deformation experiments with cold-rolled and intercritically annealed Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel were carried out at ambient temperature to characterize the deformation heterogeneity during Lders band propagation. Deformation band formation, which is a precursor phenomenon of Lders band propagation, occurred even in the macroscopically elastic deformation stage. The deformation bands in the Lders front grew from both the side edges to the center of the specimen. After macroscopic yielding, the thin deformation bands grew via band branching, thickening, multiple band initiation, and their coalescence, the behavior of which was heterogeneous. Thick deformation bands formed irregularly in front of the region where the thin deformation bands were densified. The thin deformation bands were not further densified when the spacing of the bands was below 10 m. Instead, the regions between the deformation bands showed a homogeneous plasticity evolution. The growth of the thin deformation bands was discontinuous, which may be due to the presence of ferrite groups in the propagation path of the deformation bands. Based on these observations, a model for discontinuous Lders band propagation has been proposed.
廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 東北大学*
JAEA-Review 2022-002, 85 Pages, 2022/06
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和2年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等をはじめとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、令和2年度に採択された「//線ラジオリシス影響下における格納容器系統内広域防食の実現: ナノバブルを用いた新規防食技術の開発」の令和2年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本研究は、デブリ取り出し工程において、既設のPCVならびに新設の負圧維持系設備・配管など重要な閉じ込め機能を担保する鋼構造物の長期信頼性を確保するため、線放出核種/線放出核種と鋼材が接触共存する濡れ環境における腐食現象を初めて明らかにして腐食速度を予測する技術を構築するとともに、PCV等への基本的な適用性に優れ、かつ、副次影響の無い新規防食技術を開発する。具体的には、(1)線/線/線の影響を網羅したラジオリシス解析モデルの構築、(2)線放出核種/線放出核種を用いた電気化学試験(ホット試験)と系統的な腐食予測・検証試験(コールド模擬試験)によるデータベースの構築、(3)それらに基づいてPCVに附設/挿入する新設設備の材料選定指針の提示、(4)不活性ガスナノバブルを用いた系統内広域防食技術の開発を目的とするものである。
小川 文男*; 中山 雄太*; 旭吉 雅健*; 橋立 竜太; 若井 隆純; 伊藤 隆基*
Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (Internet), 7(2), p.549 - 564, 2022/06
改良9Cr-1Mo鋼の非比例多軸クリープ疲労負荷におけるひずみエネルギーベースの寿命評価法を提案する。非弾性ひずみエネルギー密度は、ヒステリシスループ内の面積として算出した。また平均応力の影響を実験的に検討し、非弾性ひずみエネルギー密度とクリープ疲労寿命の関係を調べた。ヒステリシスループの調査から、最大応力の低下は破損寿命の延長につながるが、ひずみ保持中の応力緩和は強度低下を引き起こすことがわかった。そこで、ヒステリシスループの最大応力とひずみ保持中の最小応力の影響を考慮した非弾性ひずみエネルギー密度の補正法を提案し、単軸および非比例多軸荷重のひずみエネルギー密度を求めた。これらの結果をもとに、非比例多軸荷重下でのクリープ疲労寿命を支配するメカニズムについて考察した。
門馬 悠一郎*; 坂入 正敏*; 上野 文義; 大谷 恭平
材料と環境, 71(5), p.133 - 137, 2022/05
薄い液膜下における鋼の腐食に及ぼす腐食抑制剤の影響を調査した。試料上に1.0-0.2mmの厚さの液膜を形成し、モリブデン酸ナトリウムと乳酸アルミニウム混合液を腐食抑制剤として添加し電気化学測定を実施した結果、腐食抑制剤はアノード反応を抑制すること、および液膜中では完全浸漬に比べて腐食抑制剤による保護層の形態が液量に応じて変化することが示唆された。